China's medical reform has entered a most critical stage. Within 5 years, the total investment from the central administration and governments at all levels for this field has approximately reached 3 trillion yuan. Despite of numerous achievements, the medical reform is still facing many problems. As to the public feeling towards the medical service, the existed issues, like difficulty and high cost to access medical service and patchy health insurance coverage, remain acute. The more critical the moment is, the clearer China should be aware of the future trend of its medical reform. In this respect, a horizontal comparison between medical security systems of other countries can be of help to the next phase of reform.