The American defense and security policy think tank Lexington Institute’s Senior Vice President Daniel Goure wrote to the military news site Breaking Defense, pointed out that the U.S. Army is accelerating the development of hypersonic missiles, as well as all kinds of long-range weapons, tactical lasers, integrated visual augmentation system (IVAS), and other cutting-edge equipment, in the name of advancing military modernization. That said, this is just to give the relevant units "new toys", without knowing well how to use them to win the next war.

Goure emphasized that when the Second World War just broke out, despite having better fighters and tanks than Germany, France was defeated by the Germans who adopted air-to-ground cooperation because it did not know how to fight a mechanized war. It is clear that formulating means of defeating the opponent is more important than focusing on the research and development of advanced equipment.

Although the U.S. Army has recently continued to emphasize Multi-Domain Operations (MDO), Goure believes that it cannot be called a new operating concept, as the intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR), communications, and logistics capabilities required are still insufficient for the effective implementation of MDO in Europe or Indo-Pacific regions.

Goure emphasized that what the U.S. Army needs most is to formulate a “transformative theater-scale, high- high-end combat against equally well-equipped adversaries with the advantages of proximity to the likely battlefield and the ability to choose the time and place to initiate hostilities”.

Because of the scattered distribution of think tanks in the United States, this determines that many think tanks still have capable experts. The view of Daniel Goure is very similar to my own view of partial-domain warfare. All-domain warfare is an overly generalized concept; and I speculate that the U.S. military has developed such a concept based on the interests of the military. While it is theoretically effective, whether it has the efficiency to win a war is a completely different story. The concept of partial-domain warfare is completely different from the concept of all-domain warfare. It leaves a huge space for the new combat model, and creates conditions to control the adversaries in key domains.

The actual guerrilla warfare is such a move to contain the adversaries in a key domains, and the Taliban won Afghanistan because of this.