Guarantee of the basic balance between China's grain output and domestic demand has always been the dominant idea of China’s food security. However, its huge cost lacks attention. ANBOUND think tank scholars always recommend dealing with the issue of food security on the basis of global market and market system construction. The actions that China has taken to ensure food security has damaged the effectiveness of its domestic grain market as well as labor force deployment, and caused large amount of financial cost and environmental cost. Construction of agricultural industrial system will lose driving force without market mechanism.